TURKEY
Turkey, officially known as the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Western Asia and partly in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by eight countries, including Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. With a population of over 83 million people, Turkey is the world's 18th most populous country. The country's official language is Turkish, and its capital is Ankara. The largest city in Turkey is Istanbul, which is also the country's economic, cultural, and historical center.
Geography:
Turkey's geographic location is quite unique, as it is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The country has a total area of 783,356 square kilometers, with 97% of the land area located in Asia and 3% in Europe. The country is divided into seven regions: the Marmara region, the Aegean region, the Black Sea region, the Central Anatolia region, the Eastern Anatolia region, the Mediterranean region, and the Southeastern Anatolia region.
The topography of Turkey is quite diverse, with mountain ranges, coastal plains, and plateaus. The country is home to several mountain ranges, including the Taurus Mountains, the Pontic Mountains, and the Zagros Mountains. The highest peak in Turkey is Mount Ararat, which stands at an elevation of 5,165 meters.
Climate:
Turkey's climate varies greatly depending on the region. The coastal regions have a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild winters. The Black Sea region has a temperate climate, with high precipitation throughout the year. The interior regions of the country have a continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The Eastern Anatolia region, on the other hand, has a harsher climate, with long and cold winters and short summers.
Economy:
Turkey's economy is the 20th largest in the world and is considered to be a newly industrialized country. The country's GDP was $717.8 billion in 2020, and the per capita income was $8,503. The economy is driven by the service sector, which accounts for 63% of the country's GDP. The industrial sector accounts for 30% of the GDP, while agriculture accounts for the remaining 7%.
Turkey is a member of the G20 and has been striving to become a member of the European Union. The country is also a member of the OECD, the World Trade Organization, and the Council of Europe. Turkey has a customs union with the European Union, which has helped to boost its economic ties with Europe.
The country's major exports include textiles, food products, machinery, and chemicals. Its major trading partners include Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, and France.
Culture and Society:
Turkey has a rich cultural heritage that is influenced by its history and geography. The country's culture is a blend of various influences, including the Ottoman Empire, Islam, and Western Europe. Turkey's official language is Turkish, which is spoken by the majority of the population. Other languages spoken in the country include Kurdish, Arabic, and Armenian.
The country's population is predominantly Muslim, with Sunni Islam being the largest denomination. Other religious groups in Turkey include Christians, Jews, and Alevis. The country's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, and the government recognizes all major religions.
Turkey has a rich history and is home to many historical sites and landmarks. The country's cultural heritage includes architecture, music, art, and literature. Istanbul, which is the country's largest city, is home to many historical landmarks, including the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the Topkapi Palace.
Politics:
Turkey is a parliamentary representative democratic republic.
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